The phenomenon of village abandonment in Nigeria, particularly over the last two decades, has evolved from a localised concern into a national humanitarian crisis with far-reaching implications. In the heart of Nigeria, where rich cultures and communities once thrived, many villages now lie forgotten and scarred by conflict, sociopolitical realignments and forced displacement. In the middle belt region, states like Benue, Plateau, Nasarawa and parts of Kaduna, which are homes to vibrant farming communities, have become ghost towns as residents flee escalating violence often without warning.
The rise in attacks by armed herdsmen has led to a mass exodus to ancestral homes; communities like Guma and Agatu local governments in Benue state have been repeatedly attacked, forcing survivors to seek refuge in overcrowded camps or urban areas. Sadly, the lack of swift and sustained government intervention has only deepened the crisis, making resettlement efforts nearly impossible.
In Northern Nigeria, the redistribution and creation of new emirates, particularly in states like Kano and Bauchi, have sparked political debates, disrupted traditional power structures and marginalised minority groups. This has left some communities feeling disenfranchised, leading to voluntary or forced migration and nurturing suspicion between ethnic and religious groups. Similarly, in Borno state, camps have replaced ancestral homes; the Boko Haram insurgency has displaced over two million people, many of whom are Christian and minority communities in Southern Borno, which is home to a rich Christian heritage.
These displaced populations now reside in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps across Maiduguri and neighbouring states. While these camps are offering temporary safety, they are overcrowded, lack adequate healthcare, and foster over-dependency on aid. Sadly, the psychological toll of dislocation, particularly the loss of ancestral identity and community, remains immeasurable.
Despite government and military efforts to reclaim territories, many villagers are reluctant to return due to lingering insecurity, inadequate infrastructure, and fear of renewed attacks. To address this crisis, Nigeria needs a multi-faceted approach that prioritises security, reconciliation and inclusive governance. Essential strategies include land reforms, respect for traditional institutions and economic empowerment of rural communities. Furthermore, displaced communities must be included in discussions about rebuilding infrastructure, restoring livelihoods and implementing sustainable solutions that allow them to safely return and reintegrate into their communities. Forced integration or resettlement without consent can deepen grievances and prolong instability.
As Nigeria navigates the complexities of modernisation, the growing challenges of climate change and the increasing internal migration, its prosperity relies on preserving its roots and ensuring that all communities can thrive. The plight of abandoned villages serves as a haunting reminder that a nation cannot prosper if its roots are left to wither.
About the writer:
Omolola Dare is a volunteer writer at PSJUK. She is a seasoned writer and communications professional whose work centers on storytelling that informs, empowers, and inspires. With over five years of experience in journalism and media, Omolola has developed a distinctive voice that blends clarity, depth, and cultural relevance—especially in agriculture, youth empowerment, and development communication.
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