We can differentiate motives by analysing patterns and evidence. Religious motives are seen when attackers target victims or symbols based on faith or use religious language or justifications. Economic motives are driven by ransom, cattle rustling, or resource control. Criminal motives focus on theft, extortion, or personal gain. Territorial motives involve seizing land, displacing communities, or asserting control over routes or resources. Clear investigation and local intelligence help establish the dominant motive.

Yes, the data can be cross-referenced with Nigeria’s census, but the last official census was in 2006, so figures are outdated. However, one can use the National Bureau of Statistics’ population projections for more current comparisons.